摘要：Anal fissure is a common complication of the anorectal region and one of the most reported causes of anal pain. Acute anal fissure can be cured by surgery or medical treatment. There is an increase in the use of topical therapy for the treatment of anal fissures. A common topical drug used is Diltiazem (DTZ), a calcium-channel blocker, which relaxes the anal sphincter and thus promotes healing of the anal fissure. Moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) is an ointment that is effective for the treatment of burns and wound healing and is becoming popular in the treatment of anal fissures.

摘要：Burn injuries are associated with anatomically within physiologically infections and biochemically within immunologically defect in hepatic functions during direct action on locally and systematic role of blood elements and liver enzymes. These defects represented the cellular response due to burn injuries. Aim of study: to assess the treatment and antioxidant action of MEBO ointment in medical therapy ,such as burn therapy. Methods: The study was performed by 66 burn patents(male) received treatment with ointment MEBO(100g)twice daily for two weeks and all patients have thickness burn injury, age ranged(15-65years for all subjects) and 50 men healthy control subjects ,So one day post burn samples were collected for hematological &biochemical parameters in kirkuk city at Azaadi hospital ,and this study done from march to December 2019 . Results: Leukocytes count (WBC), Neutrophil, lymphocyte,) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) were increased, while red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB) were decreased after burn injury. Creatinine and potassium element are increased significantly, while Sodium element was decreased and significantly increased in the liver enzyme and glutathione after treatment when MDA significantly decreased .Conclusion: This study concluded that blood parameters and liver functions were altered due to burn injuries and these modulations attributable to the lipid peroxidation(MDA), while the liver enzyme signaling of hepatic activity for glutathione synthesis for curbing the free radicals after treatment by MEBO ointment ,this productive mechanism may be new defect liver mechanism for burn injury.

摘要：The history of wound care and management closely parallels that of military surgery which has laid down the principles and dictated the practices of wound cleansing, debridement and coverage. From a treatment standpoint, there are essentially two types of wounds: those characterized by loss of tissue and those in which no tissue has been lost. In the event of tissue loss it is critical to determine whether vital structures such as bone, tendons, nerves and vessels have been exposed. It is also important to determine the amount of soft tissue contusion and contamination. In any case primary wound healing by early closure either primarily or with the help of grafts or flaps is preferred to secondary healing and wound contraction with subsequent contractures which interfere with range of motion and function. Whether the wound is acute or chronic, essential principles of wound care must be observed in order to avoid wound sepsis and achieve rapid and optimal wound healing. - Tissues must be handled gently. - Caustic solutions capable of sterilizing the skin should never be applied to the wound. It is desirable never to put anything in the wound that cannot be tolerated comfortably in the conjunctival sac. - All devitalized tissues must be debrided either hydrodynamically, chemically, mechanically or surgically. - All dead space must be obliterated. - Exposed vital structures must be covered by well vascularized tissues. An essential part of any wound management protocol is wound dressing. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that a wound dressing may have a profound influence on healing particularly of secondary type healing, a critical feature being the extent to which such dressing restricts the evaporation of water from the wound surface. A review of available dressing materials is reported with emphasis on the newly developed concept of moist environment for optimal healing. a practical guide for dressing selection is also proposed.

摘要：Background: Burns are considered a serious health affection that leads to several consequences affecting a person both physically and emotionally. Herbal and traditional medicine have become popular remedies among patients worldwide. Aim: This study explores common practices followed in burns as first aid management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia using a designed questionnaire distributed electronically through different social media. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic details, history of burns, causative material, and practices followed in response to burns. Results: 461 individuals have participated in this study. The commonest reason for burns was hot water or steam. The majority of the respondents (63%) had a satisfactory response to self-aid alone at home. The most common first aid options for managing burns at home were cold water alone 195 (42%), any sort of cream alone 177 (38%), or both 317 (69%). Overall, the result shows no statistically significant difference between the outcome of burn injury and the most commonly used burn aids. Conclusions: Most people use creams and water as the first-aid management of burns, while a good number of people use traditional medicine. Overall, people who receive hospital treatment after getting first aid at home give a better outcome.